Blackberry propagation. Shall we discuss?

Blackberries can be propagated throughout the summer and fall. Blackberries can be creeping or bushy. The first is propagated using apical and horizontal layering, and the second - by cuttings, dividing the bush or basal suckers.
How does it happen? blackberry propagation in each way?
Rooting of apical layers
This method is the simplest way to propagate blackberries and consists in bending any of the growing vines of the plant to the ground and covering it with it. Such a whip stops growing, quickly produces roots, and then new shoots from the buds located at the top of the branch.
When the rooted top has developed its own good root system, the new bush is pruned and transplanted to a permanent place. This method of propagation is better suited for spring, because... Bushes transplanted before winter can freeze and die.
Reproduction by horizontal layering
With this method, not only the top, but the entire length of the shoot is bent to the ground and covered with it. Similar to the first method, when the root system of young bushes is developed, they are cut off and each planted in its place. This method is best practiced in the spring.
Reproduction by root suckers
This method is suitable for bush blackberries. Offshoots grow annually in large numbers from the roots of the main bush. It is worth digging up the offspring and planting it from the mother plant when its height reaches about 10 cm. Planting is carried out in May - June.
Reproduction by dividing the bush
This method is used in cases where, due to varietal characteristics, blackberry bushes do not produce offspring, or if it is necessary to uproot the mother bush. In this situation, care should be taken to ensure that each separated part of the bush is sufficiently developed to grow separately from the mother plant. Thus, from one old bush you can get 5-6 new ones.
As can be seen from the examples discussed, propagation of blackberries is not particularly difficult.