Varieties of sweet apples of different ripening periods
Apples are the fruits of the apple tree of the same name from the Rosaceae family. These plants are so popular among gardeners and fruit consumers that more than half of the area in industrial and amateur gardens is allocated to apple orchards. The key to a good harvest begins with selecting an assortment for a specific area.
Sweet varieties with good commercial qualities are most popular among the population. Sugar content apples depends primarily on the ratio of the amount of sugars and organic acids. Despite the fact that this ratio is provided for by the varietal characteristics, the taste can be significantly affected by the weather and the quality of plant care. Let's consider varietal apple trees with a sweet taste.
Content:
Sweet early apples
The fruits of summer apple trees can be eaten as early as the second half of July - early August. Their main advantage is early ripeness and good taste. Although the sugar content in summer apples is much more modest than in later apples. Early apples are eaten primarily fresh. They cannot be stored for long periods of time. It is difficult to keep them fresh for longer than 14 days after collection. The following early varieties are considered one of the sweetest:
- Padding
- White filling
- Quinty
- Early sweet
- Memory of Lavrik
- Candy
- Grushovka Moscow
Variety "White filling"
Old Russian popular variety summer apples.Apple trees of this variety are characterized by early fruiting. The first harvest is harvested in the sixth year. Young apple trees have larger fruits. Their weight is 100 - 120 grams. As the tree matures, the size of the fruit decreases and rarely exceeds 60 - 80 grams.
The color is green; when fully ripe, the apples become almost white and transparent. On the south side, the fruits may have a slight blush. The apples are round, slightly tapering towards the cup. They have a deep and wide funnel. It has a pronounced rustiness. In older plants, the fruits are more rounded.
May have a thin seam made of leather folds. The leg is long, the skin is thin. The taste is sweet with some sourness. The sugar content in fruits is high, reaching 8% - 9%. The harvest of apples of this variety is carried out in two stages. The first cleaning is carried out in early August, the second - after August 20.
Apples that have fallen from a tree cannot be stored or transported; fruits removed from the tree require careful handling, since their skin becomes covered with dark spots even with light pressure. Apple trees are highly frost-resistant and the variety has not lost popularity for many years due to its excellent taste and attractive appearance.
The disadvantage of this variety is the frequency of fruiting. Apples of the “Papirovka” variety are very similar to “White filling”, but they ripen a little earlier and have larger fruits. The disadvantages of the variety include mediocre winter hardiness.
It is worth noting the later bred variety from the parent forms of Papirovka and Belfleur of the Chinese "Memory of Lavrik". It surpasses its parents in the taste of fruits and their size. Also, unlike “White filling” and “Papirovka”, apples of this variety are more shelf-stable.By the end of summer - beginning of autumn, it is time to harvest apples of autumn varieties.
The sweetest autumn apples
In terms of sugar content, autumn apples, as a rule, exceed summer varieties. Among the autumn varieties there are many in which the sugar content is not only higher than 9%, but also higher than 10 - 11%. The sweetest varieties include:
- Orlik
- Spartacus
- Welsey
- Bessemyanka Michurinskaya
- Lobo
Variety "Orlik"
Work on the variety began in the second half of the last century. The parent forms for the variety were Bessemyanka Michurinskaya and Mekintosh. The variety was tested in 1970. The authors of the variety were T. Trofimov and E. Sedov. The variety is recommended for cultivation in the northern, central, and western regions.
The fruits of the "Orlik" variety are conical and slightly flattened. The skin has a well-defined waxy coating. Apples are most often green; when fully ripe they turn yellow. They have a bright red blush over their entire surface. Gray subcutaneous dots are clearly visible. The peduncle is short, strong, the funnel is small. Apples have excellent taste.
This is explained by the fact that the fruits contain a lot of sugars and a small amount of organic acids. The sugar content is 11%, and the acid content is 3.5%. In addition, the fruits have beneficial properties due to pectin substances, of which they contain more than 12%.
The harvest begins after September 10. The fruits can be eaten immediately after they are picked from the tree. They are stored very well until the end of January without loss of commercial quality. The advantages of the variety include productivity, excellent sweet taste, high winter hardiness, early pregnancy. The disadvantages of the variety are, first of all, the tendency to bear fruit periodically and shed fruits.
The sweetest apples of winter ripening
The sweet taste of apples is determined by the ratio of the amount of organic acids to the amount of sugars. This ratio is called the sugar-acid ratio. The high amount of dry matter also has a positive effect on their taste. According to these indicators, winter varieties are superior to both summer and autumn apples.
This is primarily due to the fact that apples of these varieties spend the longest time on the branch and have time to accumulate the maximum amount of sugar and dry matter. In addition, a high content of tannins can give the fruit a more tart taste. The sweetest late-ripening varieties include:
- In memory of Michurin
- Winter lungwort
- Northern Sinap
- Sinap Orlovsky
- Antonovka dessert
Variety "In Memory of Michurin"
The author of the variety is S. Isaev. The Chinese variety was taken as the basis. The variety has medium-sized fruits. Their average weight is about 130 - 140 g. The apples are conical. They also have wide ribs. Green-yellow or golden color is the main one. on top of it apples have a bright red blush. Darker stripes and strokes are clearly visible on it. The fine-grained pulp is white or cream.
The excellent taste of an apple comes from its high sugar content, above 12%. It contains about 5% acids. The harvest begins in the last days of September. It is best to eat fresh from the end of October. The fruits have an excellent presentation, withstand transportation well over long distances and are stored almost until May.
The sugar content allows the fruits of this variety to be processed into juices and jams. The advantages of apple trees "In Memory of Michurin" are excellent resistance to drought and good frost resistance. The trees are early-bearing. They have been bearing fruit since the fifth year.The plant is resistant to scab. It is also worth noting the very long period of storage and consumption of fresh fruits. The disadvantages of the variety are the tendency to periodically bear fruit and grow the crown.
Variety "Northern Sinap"
This variety was bred based on the works of I. Michurin. Based on the typical southern variety "Kandil sinap" and the variety "China", he obtained a frost-resistant variety for a temperate climate, "Kandil Chinese". Further work was continued by breeder S. Isaev.
It was he who managed to get variety, which he called "Northern Sinap". The sugar content in fruits is above 11%, and acids are only about 5%. The taste of apples is superior even to Crimean synaps. In addition, they have exceptional keeping quality. They can be stored until June. The fruits have an elongated shape.
The color is green with a red blush. The variety has become the main competitor to Antonovka. The disadvantage of this variety is that sugar is reduced to 9% in unfavorable weather. When choosing sweet varieties for the garden, you need to remember that apple trees exhibit all varietal qualities with good care and compliance with agricultural practices.
Video about various winter sweet varieties:
