Varieties of roses: botanical, ancient, modern
All modern roses are the closest relatives of the humble wild rose hips. It is difficult to imagine all the variety of species and varieties of cultivated roses in modern floriculture.
Looking at beautiful flowers, it is very difficult to divide them into groups and types. You can take the color or shape of flowers as a basis, or you can divide roses according to its purpose in the garden or according to the size of the bush. There are varieties of roses that are still "direct descendants" of wild botanical roses.
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Botanical types of roses
These roses appeared and existed in natural conditions long before the time when people started growing flowers in their gardens. Botanical species of roses are typical representatives of the Rosehip genus from the Rosaceae family.
In the wild, these are multi-stemmed shrubs, the stems of which can be straight, creeping, or climbing. Sometimes the size depends on the conditions in which the wild rose is located, in addition, sometimes they are divided into types depending on geographical locations:
- European
- Far Eastern
- middle eastern
- North American
Many of them gave rise to modern varieties of roses.
European botanical roses
In Europe you can still find:
- shaggy rose
- field rose
- rose arable, creeping
- bush rose
- felt rose
These roses are very rare in gardens and greenhouses; they can only be found in private collections of rose lovers. Most often you can find the French rose. On its basis, more than 150 old varieties of roses have been obtained, many of which are still grown:
- Belle de Grecy - pink flowers, bushes up to 1.2 meters in height.
- Versicolor - pink, with noticeable stripes, bushes up to 90 cm.
- Complicata - bright pink, tall, up to 3 meters.
- All of these varieties can be used for hedges.
It should be noted that botanical roses are also good for decorating alleys. Although the summer flowering period is not very long, they produce red, orange and almost black fruits that adorn the bushes after flowering. In addition, almost all types of botanical roses:
- dog rose, with white and pink flowers, red fruits
- California rose, there are specimens with double flowers
- rose glaucous, pink and rose-red flowers, red fruits
- Carolina rose, pink flowers, orange fruits
- have a wonderful aroma, strong or medium intensity
Many botanical roses have been used in breeding work and have given rise to many varieties. Many of these varieties are called old or antique roses.
Antique types of roses
Ancient varieties of roses have lost their resemblance to wild rose hips and have a complex hybrid origin. These varieties of roses were obtained approximately until the middle of the 19th century, that is, until the time when hybrid tea varieties began to appear.
White rose or Alba rose
The probable origin of this group of roses is the hybridization of the canine rose with other botanical roses, possibly with the French rose and Damask rose. The flowers of these roses are snow-white or light pink.By 1860, about 60 varieties were known that belonged to the Alba rose. Currently, there are approximately 10 - 12 varieties left. The most famous of them is Rosa Alba Maxima. Several centuries ago, this variety began to be bred in monasteries. The leaves are a very light and pure emerald color, characteristic of all white roses. The bud is pale pink, the flower opens and becomes almost snow-white with a delightful scent.
Video about hybrid tea roses:
Centifolia roses or centifolal roses
Already in the 17th century there were hundreds of varieties of this type of roses. First varieties appeared in Holland, but most were bred in France. They were often called cabbage or Provençal. Most likely, these roses are the result of cross-pollination and mutation of the French rose.
The flowers are densely double, pompom-like, have up to 200 petals, bloom profusely for 30 days. There are many varieties with variegated, bicolor petals. Flower color ranges from white to dark purple.
Hybrids of rose chinensis
They have been cultivated in their homeland for a very long time. They came to Europe at the end of the 18th century. They gave rise to roses with repeated and continuous flowering. The flowers are medium-sized or even small, often double or semi-double, all colors except yellow. Chinese rose hybrids have long been grown as potted indoor plants. In addition to the above, there are at least 15 more varieties of ancient roses. Many of them gave rise to modern roses.
Modern varieties of roses
It is quite difficult to divide modern roses into specific groups; many existing classifications are based on one or several characteristics that do not take into account all other characteristics.For most lovers of these colors, it is more convenient to use the division into groups from the point of view of practical application.
There are eight varieties of roses:
- ground cover
- park
- scrubs
- floribunda and polyanthas
- miniature
- Canadian
- climbing
- hybrid tea
Ground cover roses
This group of roses is becoming more popular every day. Now we can distinguish the so-called “sidewalk” and “carpet” roses. As they grow, they suppress the development of weeds, which makes it easier to maintain the area and gives it a very aesthetic appearance. They are also indispensable for landscaping any vertical slopes. Among ground cover roses there are both creeping and upright growing and even climbing varieties.
Park roses
Park rose is a large rounded bush with an average height of 1.2 to 2 meters. They are used in various capacities as single accent plants and in group plantings.
Shrubs
These varieties of roses include bush roses, usually with powerful straight shoots, with double or semi-double flowers. Since all roses are shrubs, most often those varieties that cannot be classified as other groups are classified as scrubs.
Floribunda or polyanthus roses
The polyantha group of roses is grown on its roots and is a medium-sized bush. The flowers are numerous, collected in inflorescences at the tops of the shoots. By crossing polyanthus roses with Chinese and other roses, floribunda roses are obtained. They are popular in landscape design because of their lush flowering on modest-sized bushes.
Miniature roses
The shortest group of roses. The height of the bushes varies from 10 cm to 35 cm. The flowers are double, from white to yellow, orange and crimson.Popular for landscaping patios and for growing in flowerpots, on terraces and loggias.
Canadian roses
A group of frost-resistant roses that do not need shelter. The first varieties were obtained in Canada based on rose hybrids wrinkled. There are bush and climbing varieties.
climbing roses
This group includes the so-called climbing roses, which are ideal for landscaping small architectural forms, gazebos and terraces. The flowers are usually small or medium-sized, of various colors.
Hybrid tea roses
Tall large-flowered roses that replaced old roses. They are distinguished by long flowering, large decorative flowers, on tall stems. They are usually grown grafted. One of the main purposes is cutting into bouquets. Over all this time, more than 10,000 varieties have been bred. This species ranks first in commercial floriculture.
In addition to those listed, the following varieties of roses can be distinguished:
- rose without thorns
- standard roses
- weeping roses
- remontant roses
- musk roses
When choosing roses for your garden, it is important to go from simple and undemanding species to more complex and rare varieties of these beautiful plants.
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Comments
Indeed, many varieties of roses have now developed; they are beautiful and unusual. For example, I really like the hocus pocus variety. Agree, the two-color rose is very surprising.
How I adore climbing roses, but unfortunately they don’t want to grow on me. I tried for a very long time and was unsuccessful. I found an alternative to them - David Austin roses, no less beautiful, and they took root well.