Edible and inedible champignons, or how to grow champignons in the country

Champignon
Champignons belong to the lamellar mushrooms of the Agariaceae family. They grow wild in forests, meadows, steppes and even deserts.
Content:

General idea of ​​bisporus champignon

Among more than two hundred representatives of these mushrooms, there are toxic and inedible ones. These include:
  • Californian champignon
  • champignon yellowing
  • scaly champignon
  • carbolic champignon
The following types of champignons are eaten:
  • large-spored
  • garden
  • bisporous
  • white
  • field
  • double-ring
Two-spore and two-ring champignons are grown industrially. To grow these mushrooms, a number of special conditions must be observed. How can you grow champignons at your dacha in the summer and provide your family with tasty and safe mushrooms?
There are three varieties of bisporus champignon:
  • creamy
  • brown
  • white
Cream champignons in the wild are not found, they are grown only under artificial conditions.
The cap of these mushrooms is from 2 to 8 cm in diameter, the stem is thick, up to 8 - 10 cm high. The remains of a collar encircling the stem of the mushroom are always noticeable on it. The plates are soft pink or light brown.
The choice in favor of bisporus champignon for cultivation was made because its mycelium takes root best on an artificial substrate and produces a good yield of fruiting bodies. In addition, this species has excellent taste and is absolutely safe. The history of mushroom cultivation has been known for a long time; in France it dates back several centuries. With proper cultivation of champignons, you can achieve a yield of more than 10 - 12 kg per square meter. meters.
In Russia, where preference was traditionally given to mushrooms collected from the wild, attempts to grow champignons on farms began only in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
An important point in growing mushrooms is obtaining sterile mycelium. For industrial production, it is obtained in laboratory conditions, but where can you get mycelium for growing champignon in the country?

Champignon mycelium

To grow mushrooms in a summer cottage, you first need planting material - mycelium or mycelium.
The easiest way to obtain champignon mycelium for growing in open ground - this is to find the place where they grow most densely. Most often they settle on well-manured soil. In the fall, it is necessary to remove a layer of soil from this place, on which the threads of hyphae will be clearly visible.
The optimal size of one layer is 40 cm by 40 cm and up to 20 cm thick. You can save the removed layers until spring either in the cellar or in the attic of a country house. It is important to keep the temperature low enough and not allow excess moisture. Harvesting wild mycelium is the simplest and most effective way to obtain planting material. All other methods are quite labor-intensive and require special premises or greenhouses and certain skills.You can also purchase ready-made planting material in special stores.

Cultivation of champignons from mycelium on the site

Champignon

To plant a bed for champignons, you will need manure. If possible, it is better to prepare horse manure, but cattle manure will also work.
For a bed for planting mushrooms, mix the following components:
  • manure, 250 kg
  • plaster, 5 kg
  • lime (chalk), 5 kg
  • urea, 1 kg
  • straw, 5 kg
If not possible to use cereal straw, you can use corn tops or dry leaves. Spread the resulting mixture in a 20 cm layer and leave to ripen for two weeks. Once every three to four days, the poured layer is carefully mixed and loosened.
Before planting the mycelium, the soil is well moistened. Planting is done in a checkerboard pattern, lifting the top layer 3 cm thick and placing pieces of prepared soil with mycelium there, covering it with raised soil on top. A finger-thick hole should be made in it to allow air and moisture to enter. Leave the distance between the holes at 20 - 25 cm.
After two weeks, the mycelium should take root, this will be evidenced by a white coating under the layer of soil in the planting areas. If the growth of the mycelium is weak, the bed should be
moisturize. Humidification is carried out using a hand sprayer.
After another 14 days, a white coating will appear on the surface; it is sprinkled with a loose layer of good garden soil. The first fruiting bodies should appear in three to four days. To grow champignons for dachas from purchased mycelium, proceed in accordance with the instructions or use the method for wild mycelium.
Champignons bear fruit best in the shade. Therefore, it is advisable to arrange a bed for them in areas where there is shade from plants or buildings.
Overall, for the season, you can harvest several crops champignons. If it is not possible to buy ready-made mycelium or prepare wild mycelium, then you can try growing mushrooms in the simplest way.

A simple way to grow champignons in the country

Champignon

At the beginning of summer try to find a place where champignons grow in their natural environment. Collect the most mature mushrooms without cutting them, but by twisting them out of the ground so that a little mycelium and soil remain on the stems.
Dig a trench on the site, 20 - 30 cm deep. Fill it with manure mixed with straw. Sprinkle forest or garden soil on top with a layer of 5-6 cm. Moisten everything. Chop the collected mushrooms with a knife and place them on the prepared surface. Cover everything with a three-centimeter layer of soil. After four weeks, the first mushrooms should appear. From time to time you can leave some of the mushrooms and deal with them in the same way as when you first planted.
Many wild mushrooms can be grown in the same way.
Today you can buy fresh champignons on sale without any problems and at a very affordable price, but grown in the country with your own hands, they are much tastier and, most importantly, safer.
Educational video about growing champignons at home:
ChampignonChampignon

Comments

Growing mushrooms is not such a simple matter. They are also affected by the fungus gnat - sciarid, and all sorts of rots.

You know, growing champignons is not that difficult, you don’t need any special care. We need manure, thanks to it we have such a good harvest. They even tried to sell it. If you follow the instructions, you will succeed.

I'm wary of mushrooms.I don’t even go into the forest to collect, because besides chanterelles and russula, I’m afraid to confuse others) So I probably won’t try to grow them, I’ll go to the supermarket and buy a package of champignons.

I experimented several times with growing champignons at the dacha, but somehow it didn’t work out very well. I think it’s all about low-quality mycelium, although the sellers assure that their product is excellent. I'll have to try planting wild ones.